Recent updates from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) highlight changes to laws and regulations brought about by the implementation of the Circular Economy Package (CEP) - transposition into UK law.

This assessment provides a status report on cytotoxic waste management in Western Balkans (WB) using data from the International Solid Waste Associations, with a focus on the national member countries.

Wuhan is the largest city in Central China, with a land area of 8569 square kilometers and a permanent population of more than 11 million.

An efficient procedure of treating municipal solid waste is incineration which enables reduction of the waste volume, and energy recovery during combustion. During this process, fly ashes are produced.

Vietnam: Director of the Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Nguyen Toan Thang said at a conference calling for investment in WTE that with the annual growth rate of 5 percent per annum, total domestic garbage in the city would reach 13,000 tons a day by 2025.

The European Waste Catalogue (EWC) provides a common system of waste classification in accordance with the waste law throughout the EU, with the purpose to improve the efficiency of waste management activities. The individual codes within the EWC classify the various waste types.

Medical wastes constitute a larger portion of infectious wastes that are potentially dangerous since they contain pathogenic agents. While sustainable management of municipal solid waste, wastewater sludge and construction and demolition waste gain significant attention, medical waste has not attracted the same level of attention as other types of wastes, especially in developing countries. Therefore, medical waste management is still a critical issue in many countries due to ist potential environmental hazards and public health risks.

Due to the increasing numbers of lithium-ion batteries in electric cars as well as in electric and electronic equipment, the design and recycling of batteries is gaining increasing importance. This fact demands for an efficient and holistic battery concept as well as a future concept for recycling and treatment.

Purpose: The demand for household batteries is considerable in the European context with just over five billion placed on the market every year. Although disposable batteries account for the largest market share in Europe, the use of rechargeable batteries is promoted as a less waste generating and a more environmentally friendly practice. A comparative life cycle assessment was therefore carried out to verify this assertion.

During the production of paper and packaging materials, various paper sludges are producedas waste material. This research project, funded by the DBU, investigates cofermentation in the digesters of mechanical biological treatment plants (MBT) as an ecological and economical solution for the use of these residuals. Three types of paper sludge from different ways of paper production were analyzed. The slurries were checked for possible inhibition effects upon the biogas process in MBT and their Biogas yield. First results have shown that the co-fermentation of paper sludges in digesters of MBT plants could be useful. The results found so far do not show definite inhibition effects.

The environmental impacts of rotary kiln incineration, which is widely used in China for treating industrial hazardous waste (IHW), is evaluated in this work through life cycle assessment (LCA).

The objective of this study is to clarify the material flow of specific nanomaterials with focus on construction materials to deviate its release scenarios for the end-of-life phase. The waste stream of construction and demolition (C&D) waste is very challenging because it is generated by both households and industry. Furthermore, the volume of C&D waste in Japan or in Austria is very high. Regarding nanotoxicity, the content of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in paints for construction materials is considerable. Chen et al. (2008) pointed out that SiO2 nanoparticles can easily be airborne because of their size. Kaegi et al. (2008 & 2010) have also shown that the nano-fraction of the whitening pigment (TiO2) and nano-Ag was released into surface water under real weather conditions from facade coatings.

In the energy-intensive industries of cement production, the use of refuse derived fuels (EBS) is in common since several years especially to decrease costs.

Sludge often arise as unintentional spin-off product in industrial processes. With regards to Transport (e.g. thixotropy, high water content) and further recycling (especially when contaminated) sludge is very inconvenient. However, with improved technical features sludge material might become usable as construction material for example in dams and embankments.

Coal tar, as a by-product from coal gasifi cation in municipal or manufactured gas plants (MGP), has been used for numerous industrial purposes including wood impregnation and as a raw material for ointments. Initially valued for its antibiotic properties, the constituents of coal tar constituents, when released into the environment, now pose considerable threats to soil and groundwater quality in many industrialized countries.

The coke oven plant started production in 1942 and was rebuilt after the extensive damage towards the end of World War II. For the production of by-products tar and crude benzene (light oil, coal) were distilled on site. Due to the effects of war and associated with the destruction of various parts of the coking plant, there were massive contaminations of the soil at the operational facilities. Based on these contaminations in soil there is still a signifi cant input of pollutants into the groundwater.